Explain the general concepts of proto-oncogenes and oncogenes and Essay

Explain the general concepts of proto-oncogenes and oncogenes and further describe different types of changes that underpin activation of proto-oncogenes - Essay Example Tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes act in the same way as the brakes and accelerator in a vehicle respectively. Controlled growth of cells is maintained through the regulative activity of tumor suppressors that slow growth of cells and proto-oncogenes that accelerate cell growth (Hanahan & Weinberg 2011, p. 650). Uncontrolled cell growth will occur when proto-oncogenes mutate to form oncogenes and accelerate growth of cells or if tumor suppressors mutate to prevent growth inhibition. Proto-oncogenes in normal cells are responsible for the production of proteins that stimulate division of the cell through signals to the nucleus. The proteins involved in this signaling process, act through the signal transduction pathway or cascade that is made up of a series of steps (Bock & Marsh 2010, p. 32). The pathway is inclusive of a membrane receptor that binds the signal molecule, cytoplasmic proteins that convey the signal, and transcription factors that activate the cell division-related genes in the nucleus. Each of the cascade’s steps has a protein or factor that activates another, although some of these factors have the ability to activate more than one cellular protein. Oncogenes, on the other hand, are altered proto-oncogenes that are involved in coding for the molecules in signaling. They continuously activate the signaling pathway, which results in heightened factor or protein production, especially those involved in the stimulation of growth (Schwab 2013 , p. 21). For example, the MYC proto-oncogene codes for transcription factors and is converted to an oncogenes that is related to over two thirds of all cancers. Ras, on the other hand, is an oncogene that acts as a switch in the pathways and mutations cause the pathway to remain in the on mode and causes uncontrolled growth of cells. In order for a proto-oncogene to be converted to an oncogene, its original function is modified through any of three basic activation methods. The first activation method

Benefits of E-Recruitment on Human Resource Supply Chain Management Dissertation

Benefits of E-Recruitment on Human Resource Supply Chain Management - Dissertation Example The researcher has taken help of diffusion of innovation theory (DIT) in order to formulate the research model. Findings – Benefits of e-recruitment such as cost efficiency, broader access to potential candidate’s profile and short recruitment cycle can positively increase efficiency for human resource supply chain management for Indian healthcare companies and also can help them to achieve competitive advantage in terms of profitability and return on investment. Originality/value – This research will try to shed light on relational matrix between e-recruitment and human resource supply chain management in terms of Indian healthcare industry perspective, the research problem for the study is ignored by the previous researchers for a long time. Findings of the researcher will create not only scope for future researchers but also help companies to decide e-recruitment strategy. Keywords – E-recruitment, Recruitment, Human resource management, Health care ind ustry, India Paper type- Research paper Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 4 Chapter 2: Project approach 5 Chapter 3: Literature review 6 Chapter 4: Critical evaluation and analysis of the data 11 Chapter 5: Discussion 26 Chapter 6: Conclusion 29 Reference 31 Appendices 38 Chapter 1: Introduction According to research scholars such as Ensher et al (2002), paradigm shift of traditional human resource strategy to e-HR strategy is a major breakthrough in the field of human resource management. Ensher et al (2002, p. 238) have defined e-HR policies as, â€Å"increased emphasis on HR as a strategic business partner whose primary challenge is to recruit, develop and retain talented employees for the organizations.† Other research scholars such as Lengnick-Hall and Moritz (2003) and Ulrich (2000) have stated that e-HR policies and e-recruitment not only help companies to reduce time and cost regarding recruiting employees through â€Å"HR middleman† but also help make HR professionals more competent by challenging them to learn new technological applications. On the other hand, Joyce (2002) and Dixon (2000) have pointed out that, e-recruitment or recruiting employees by using the internet has become a revenue generating options for third party recruiters. E-recruitment has become latest buzzword in service sector of India and other South Asian countries, South-East Asian countries (Labanyi, 2002; Fisher, 2001; Gomolski, 2000 and Galanaki, 2002). Teo (2001), Sanchez-Franco and Roldan (2005), Liu and Wang (2007) and Karlsen et al (2006) have found that, e-recruitment system with less technological complexity attracts more job seekers, hence it is a challenge for organization to build an effective e-recruitment strategy which is simple but effective. According to the limited knowledge of the researcher, very few researchers have tried to understand benefits of e-recruitment in context to Indian healthcare service industry; such g ap in the literature has encouraged the researcher to develop following research objectives. 1.1 Research objective To investigate how benefits of